2017年7月21日 星期五
中西醫治療氣喘----兼憶台大謝貴雄教授
中西醫治療氣喘----兼憶台大
我在CR那一年被派到台大當
傳統中醫學與西方醫學在描述氣喘的症狀時很類似。氣喘發作時依疾病嚴重程度會有呼吸困難、喘鳴聲、胸悶和咳嗽等症狀。根據中醫
現代醫學的知識知道,人體的第一道防線包括:1.皮膚和排列在鼻、喉、胃、陰道、尿道等與外界接觸的黏膜2.汗腺、淚腺、皮脂腺、氣管黏膜、胃黏膜等分泌抗微生物的化學物質3.呼吸系統的纖毛細胞。當細菌或病毒穿越了第一道防線(皮膚、黏膜等)進入人體內部時,免疫系統的哨兵肥胖細胞便會釋放組織胺及其他化學物質,通知身體有外來的侵略者,並且啟動防禦機制,讓免疫系統把軍隊(白血球)送到戰場,展開對抗廝殺!這就是發炎反應。氣喘的發作,雖然詳細的發病機轉並不完全相同,但是從「人體的第一道防線」這個理路來推想,若是能在最早的時機---指樹突細胞處理抗原呈現於T 和B細胞這個階段,就能截斷它,這樣就能避免下面整個一連串的反應,就能避免氣喘的發生。所以筆者淺見以為玉屏風散加上小建中湯應該可以符合這個要求。玉屏風散猶如建立一道萬里長城,而小建中湯不斷的給予維持修補這一道萬里長城所需的能量。 玉屏風散出自《醫方類聚》,本方由黃耆、白朮、防風、加生薑組成。用於表虛衛陽不固所致之惡風自汗,面色晄白(晄,正確的字,應該為左邊白,右邊光,電腦打不出來,以晄暫代),舌質淡、苔薄白,脈浮虛軟;及體虛易感風寒者。有益氣、固表,止汗之功。 「屏風」,為室內陳設而作為擋風或遮蔽的用具。本方補散兼施,通過補益肺氣,增強衛外功能,使表固而自汗愈,猶如擋風的屏障。又防風,一名屏風,本方用防風以遍行周身,稱治風之仙藥;黃耆補三焦而實衛,為玄府(又名元府,即汗孔)禦風之關鍵。寓散於補之中、散邪而不傷正。柯鈞伯云:「此欲散風邪者,當倚如屏,珍如玉也」。(《刪補名醫方論》)故名日「玉屏風散」(9)。顧名思義,古人認為玉屏風散能築起一道屏障,且珍貴如玉。
筆者當學生時,氣喘的定義是一種可恢復性、阻塞性呼吸道疾患,現在認為它是呼吸道的慢性發炎狀態,這算是觀念上的一大轉變。就是因為是慢性發炎的狀態,為了避免以後氣道的remodeling,對於嚴重的病例,平常使用吸入性類固醇來避免急性發作變成是一件重要的事情。氣喘是一個古老的疾病,中醫典籍很早就有傳神的描述與記載。筆者經由比較小青龍湯、華蓋散及定喘湯,歸納出中醫治療氣喘的核心用藥為:麻黃、杏仁、甘草(即三拗湯)、(紫)蘇子、桑白皮;而麻黃是中醫治療氣喘急性發作的靈魂用藥。至於慢性期的調養,中醫依肺脾腎分出不同的證型,各自給予不同的方劑。筆者淺見以「守護第一道防線」的理路,提出玉屏風散加小建中湯足堪重任。玉屏風散猶如建立一道萬里長城,而小建中湯不斷的給予維持修補這一道萬里長城所需的能量。
後記:感謝當年一起共事的醫師:
2017年7月1日 星期六
用手機APP診斷皮膚病變可行嗎?
用手機APP診斷皮膚病變可行嗎?
New smart phone
apps now let you snap a picture and upload it
for a skin cancer check. Sure sounds a lot easier than
trekking into the dermatologist, right? But a new review of these apps
finds that most of them are not very accurate.
Dermatologists
uploaded 188 images of skin lesions to four different app-based services. The
apps, which are unregulated, mostly use algorithms to judge—often in less
than a minute—whether the spot is benign or something to get checked out. Three of the four apps failed to
catch at least one-in-three known cases of melanoma. The apps also falsely
identified plenty of benign growths as possibly cancerous. The findings are in the
journal JAMA Dermatology. [Joel Wolf et al., Diagnostic Inaccuracy of
Smartphone Applications for Melanoma Detection]
The fourth app,
which did okay, actually used board-certified dermatologists to review images.
It was the most expensive at five bucks per assessment and took 24 hours.
So next time
you're worried about a mole, don’t use an app, get an ap—pointment…with a
dermatologist.
—Katherine Harmon
[The above text is
a transcript of this podcast.]
2017年5月29日 星期一
電腦醫師e-visit
電腦醫師e-visit
Waiting in the doctor's office, reading old magazines is never fun. But
some health systems are allowing patients with minor ailments
to see the doctor—without seeing the doctor. These patients can log onto their
personal health record portal, answer questions
about their condition and get their doctor's diagnosis and recommended
treatment. But are e-visits as good as
face-to-face consultation? A new study finds that they appear to result in decent diagnoses for common infections, while also
saving time and money. The findings are in Archives of Internal Medicine.
[Ateev Mehrotra et al., A Comparison of Care at E-Visits and Physician Office
Visits for Sinusitis and Urinary Tract Infection]
Researchers analyzed some 5,000 doctor visits for sinus infections and
3,000 visits for urinary tract infection. Less than 10 percent of all visits
were electronic. One possible e-visit drawback: doctors were more likely to
prescribe antibiotics after an e-visit than a face-to-face. But patients with an
e-visit had just about the same rate of follow up as those
who had an office visit. Which suggests that there was
not a higher rate of misdiagnosis or treatment failure online. E-visits were
also cheaper. —Katherine
Harmon
[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]
2017年4月28日 星期五
喝酒影響睡眠Nightcap Drink Disrupts Important Sleep
喝酒影響睡眠
Nightcap Drink Disrupts Important
Sleep - Scientific American
A little booze before bedtime might help you fall asleep
faster. But various studies show that alcohol is anathema
for restorative sleep. A new review paper
describes just how detrimental a few drinks can be.
The researchers pored over 20 studies conducted in controlled lab
settings. They found a clear trend that just about any amount of alcohol alters
sleep. And the effects are usually bigger with more drinks.
Just two drinks or
more cut REM sleep, which is important for memory and health. And those deep,
slow-wave sleep periods are also reduced for people who have tied on more than one.(tie one on 喝醉,300句俚語p 296)
Perhaps the most potent finding is that just a single dose of
alcohol in the late evening can zap the efficacy of your z's. The paper is in the journal
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. [Irshaad Ebrahim, et al,
Alcohol and Sleep I: Effects on Normal Sleep]
Disrupted and
insufficient sleep has been linked to everything from weight gain to heart
problems. Not to mention harming memory and wellbeing. It may be time to say
goodnight to the nightcap.
—Katherine Harmon
[The above text is
a transcript of this podcast]
2017年3月27日 星期一
運動能延長壽命 Exercise Lengthens Life Regardless of Weight
運動能延長壽命 Exercise Lengthens Life Regardless of Weight
A little exercise
each week can lead to big gains in life expectancy. And that’s true regardless
of your current weight, according to a new review study that included more than
650,000 people.
The World Health
Organization recommends two-and-a-half to five hours of brisk walking per week,
or less time spent at a more vigorous activity. People who got the full
recommended amount of exercise saw an average 3.4-year
gain in life expectancy.
People who got half as much exercise still lived an
average 1.8 years longer. The
findings are in the journal PLoS Medicine. [Steven C. Moore et al., Leisure
Time Physical Activity of Moderate to Vigorous Intensity and Mortality: A large
pooled cohort analysis]
In fact, exercise
was a bigger factor than body weight in many cases. People who were normal weight but
were inactive actually lived an average of 3.1
fewer years(若是改為years fewer?) than obese people who kept up high levels of
activity.
Finding time to
exercise can be tough.
Maybe look at it this way. There are almost 9,000 hours in a year. Five hours a week is
260 hours a year—to get an extra 30,000 hours of
life. Do
the math. While you take a walk.
—Katherine Harmon
http://www.huanqiukexue.com/wap.php?action=article&id=22904
2017年1月31日 星期二
Mosquito Season Means Zika Season, US Experts Warn microcephaly
Mosquito Season Means Zika Season, US Experts Warn microcephaly
"We need a robust response to
protect American women and reduce, to the greatest extent humanly possible, the
number of families affected. We don't know who those children will be. We don't
know where they will grow up, but anything we don't do now, we will regret not
having done later," he said.
Frieden and other
top doctors say Zika would not be a major threat except that it causes serious
birth defects, including microcephaly, which literally means "small
head."
"When a child
is born with microcephaly, it's not because the skull was malformed, it's
because the virus destroyed the brain cells, and the skull collapsed around the
demolished brain,"
Frieden said.
From: http://www.voanews.com/content/mosquito-season-zika-season-congress-funding-us/3361095.html
2017年1月15日 星期日
go viral 是什麼意思?
go viral 是什麼意思?
viral [ˋvaɪrəl] 這個字是 "病毒" virus [ˋvaɪrəs] 這個字的形容詞, 意思就是 "病毒的, 病毒般的",所以 go
viral 字面上的意思是 "像病毒般蔓延"。它指的是某人或物透過社群網站或軟體廣為流傳而造成轟動。比如一個在 Youtube 或臉書上被人大量點閱,
推薦, 轉載/分享而爆紅的影片或人, 物。我們就可以說這個人, 物或影片 went
viral。(from: https://www.facebook.com/notes/teacher-sammys-english-teaching-blog/go-viral-%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%84%8F %E6%80%9D/626787834001841/)
#TryBeatingMeLightly: Fight Against Domestic Violence Goes Viral
When Pakistan 's
Council of Islamic Ideology proposed a law allowing men to beat their wives
"lightly," photographer Fahhad Rajper responded with a photo project
called "#TryBeatingMeLightly." As VOA's Andrew Palczewski reports,
the campaign not only went viral on social media, but sparked a global
conversation about domestic violence.(from: http://www.voanews.com/)
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